Some of the conclusions and materials presented during the four-panel discussions of the roundtable gathered from our 12 extraordinary speakers we had as guests at Bucharest:

RAMONA MANESCU, EPP MEP, AFET: when we refer to fake news or disinformation we are talking about: false, inaccurate, or misleading information designed, presented and promoted to intentionally cause public harm or for profit (read more here).

ALINA BARGAOANU, High-Level Group on fake news and online disinformation: The 50 shades of fake: fake news, fake comedy, fake intimacy, fake memories, fake handwriting…. (read more here)

VASILE TOADER, General, Deputy Chief of General Staff: one of the preferred targets of disinformation campaigns in Romania is the Anti-missile defense shield of Deveselu.

IULIAN CHIFU, President, Centre for Conflict Prevention and Early Warning: We’ve done a test, on 50 of some of the highest-ranked experts on security and disinformation, during an international meeting. 35 of them failed to point out the test fake news. This proves that any of us can be a victim, and, even more, can become a multiplier of fake news.

SERGE STROOBANTS, European Representative for the Institute for Economics and Peace: the Russian influence differs from country to country, but when you stay just in front of the wall you are the one that sees the best the wall in front of you.

IDA EKLUND LINDWALL, EEAS, East Stratcom Task Force: Two virtual identical websites: hybridcoe.ru and hybridoce.fi. Only one of these two pages belongs to the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats from Finland. Can you spot the fake? (read more here)

NIKLAS NOVÁKY, Researcher, Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies: Why is fake news such a challenge? One problem is that so many find it difficult to identify them. One example: 50% of the 8 to 15 years young citizens believe that anything Google gives them is true because it comes from the internet.

ANTONIO MARTUSCIELLO, Commissioner, Authority for Communications Guarantees: The digital media landscape offers a fascinating mix of opportunities and threats and media literacy is of paramount importance to help citizens navigate this landscape (read more here).

OR LEVI, Founder at AdVerif.ai: “Bad AI”: AI is getting better and better at generating fakes; Tools to create real-looking fakes are becoming far more accessible. “Good AI”: Humans can’t keep up with the amount of content to check; Can AI Help? The growing interest in AFC initiatives, such as AdVerif.ai; Full automation remains far but… AI can empower humans to be more effective in detecting fakes (read more here).

CRISTIAN FRANCU, Computer Scientist, former Google Software Engineer: Both Google and Facebook claim they’re employing AI techniques to crack down on or label fake news. Fake news is created by humans. AI’s job is to debunk it. Seem to me that AI has to be smarter than humans (read more here).

DANIELA SERBAN, Strategic Communications Coordinator, McGuireWoods Consulting: Recommendations for the business environment: Learn to react and face Fake News phenomenon. For education and public policies sectors: promote the education of young generation and older people. Develop tools to educate the public and regulate the distribution of Fake News (read more here).

PAUL APOSTOL, Founder, Digital Nation: Tracebit increases Cyber Security by increasing accountability in critical situations. It offers certificates of Identity to lower impersonation (fake news) and certificates of traceability to increase the level of accountability (read more here).